CRISPR/Cas9 is a gene-editing tool that can manipulate gene expression in plants, humans, and animals. CRISPR, or Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, are short sections of bacterial DNA containing repetitive base sequences. CRISPR plays a crucial role in the immune response of bacteria against foreign DNA. When a bacterium detects viral DNA, it produces two strands of short RNA called guide RNA, which then go on to form a complex with an endonuclease enzyme called Cas9 (CRISPR-associated protein 9). ...